Han and Ma present the CBB loop model as an integrative framework that emphasizes dynamic interactions between culture, behavior, and brain development. Drawing on evidence from cultural neuroscience, the authors show how cultural contexts influence attention, emotion, and cognition at the neural level, and how these culturally shaped brain patterns feed back into behavioral norms and cultural reproduction. The model incorporates genetics as a foundational layer influencing and being influenced by the loop, advancing our understanding of human ontogeny and phylogeny in sociocultural environments.